Vaccine Immunology

Vaccines give disease-specific active immunity. Vaccines do not make you sick, but they can make your body believe it has a disease so that it can fight it. The vaccine is given out. It contains disease-specific antigens. The antigens in the vaccination are recognised by the immune system as foreign intruders. Antibodies are then produced by the immune system to neutralise the antigens. These antibodies are retained in the immune system in case the person is ever exposed to the disease. Vaccines are provided to prevent diseases and, eventually, to eradicate them. The discovery of a pathogenic isolate capable of giving protective immunity against pathogenic exposure was empirical rather than the product of comprehensive molecular characterization during much of the history of vaccinology. In recent decades, knowledge in immunology, microbiology, and genome sequencing has exploded, presenting unprecedented opportunities for rational vaccine development. The induction of specific immunological memory is required for vaccination. Adaptive immunity includes a wide range of effector mechanisms, ranging from antibody subclasses and their roles to T lymphocyte cytokines and cytotoxicity, all of which have been finely tuned for optimal response to specific invading pathogens.

• Herd Immunity
• Covid-19 & Vaccine
• Clinical Research
• Vaccine Manufacturing