Rare Immunological Disorders and Personalized Treatment

When the number of people affected by a disease is fewer than 5 per 10,000 in the EU, it is termed rare. There are between 5000 and 8000 rare diseases, the majority of which have a hereditary component. An approximate estimate suggests that one out of every 15 individuals on the planet could be affected by a rare ("orphan") disease - a total of 400 million people, with 30 million in Europe and 25 million in the United States. Rare diseases are significant chronic illnesses that can be fatal. Efforts to stimulate the study, development, and marketing of medical solutions for uncommon diseases have received a lot of attention in recent decades around the world. Rare diseases involve problems that are fundamentally different from those faced by more prevalent diseases.

Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, is a medical approach in which people are divided into groups and medical decisions, practises, therapies, and/or products are personalised to each patient's projected response or risk of disease. Precision medicine, which combines genomes, big data analytics, and population health, is a new frontier in healthcare. Although customised medicine as a concept has been advocated in the profession for some time, its most effective applications have been in the realm of cancer. Immune cells, unlike other cell types in the human body (such as tumour cells), have the potential to switch between different activation states even under physiological, let alone pathological, conditions.

• Autoimmune Diseases
• Orphan Drugs
• Rare Primary Immunodeficiencies
• Personalized Immunology